Running With Blind Faith

The Church History of Eusebuis

Indeed we must believe with a blind faith that the pure motivations of those who ruled the newly organized church weren’t susceptible to normal human failings that included greed, need for power, and the greatest motivator of all within religious circles: fear. For without fear, religion simply cannot exist.

Not surprisingly then, the entire papacy tradition is now being held on very unstable ground. In the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers (edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace in 1995) we find a footnote — associated with Euseibus’ Church History in regards to the first three bishops of Rome — that adequately reflects this suspicion.

“The actual order of the first three so-called bishops of Rome is a greatly disputed matter. The oldest tradition is that given by Irenaeus (Adv. Haer. III. 3. 3) and followed here by Eusebius, according to which the order was Linus, Anencletus, Clement. 

Hippolytus gives a different order, in which he is followed by many Fathers; and  in addition to these two chief arrangements all possible combinations of the three names, and all sorts of theories to account for the difficulties and to reconcile the discrepancies in the earlier lists, have been proposed. 

In the second chapter of the so-called Epistle of Clement to James (a part of the Pseudo-Clementine Literature prefixed to the Homilies) it is said that Clement was ordained by Peter, and  Salmon thinks that this caused Hippolytus to change the order, putting Clement first. Gieseler (Eccles. Hist., Eng. Trans., I. p. 107, note 10) explains the disagreements in the various traditions by supposing that the three were presbyters together at Rome, and that later, in the endeavor to make out a complete list of bishops, they were each successively elevated by tradition to the episcopal chair.

It is at least certain that Rome at that early date had no monarchical bishop, and therefore the question as to the order of these first three so-called bishops is not a question as to a fact, but simply as to which is the oldest of various unfounded traditions.

The Roman Church gives the following order: Linus, Clement, Cletus, Anacletus, following  Hippolytus in making Cletus and Anacletus out of the single Anencletus of the original tradition. The apocryphal martyrdoms of Peter and Paul are falsely ascribed to Linus (see Tischendorf, Acta Apost. Apocr. p xix. sq.).

Eusebius (chap. 13, below) says that Linus was bishop for twelve years. In his Chron. (Armen.) he says fourteen years, while Jerome says eleven. These dates are about as reliable as the episcopal succession itself. We have no trustworthy information as to the personal character and history of Linus. Upon the subjects discussed in this note see especially Salmon’s articles, Clemens Romanus, and Linus, in the Dict. of Christ. Biog. (1)

Rather than spend more time debating the legitimacy of Apostolic Succession, let’s take a closer look at the prevailing concerns and beliefs of the early church fathers and those who “led” the church throughout the first several hundred years. As motivations are made clear, perhaps we will gain a new interpretation to Paul’s words,

“For I now this, that after my departure savage wolves will come in among you, not sparing the flock” (Acts 20:29 – NKJV).

How ironic is it that the fear borne within the Christian community from these very words, would prove to open the door and pave an easy pathway for wolves to undisputedly rule the Christian world for many generations future.

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Next up: The Apostolic Church — AD 30-100
If new to this blog, begin here to read subject sequentially.

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Footnote References:

(1) Eusebuis, The Church History of Eusebuis, NPNF2-01 Eusebuis Pamphilius: III. 3. 2
(Footnote on Linus No. 1)

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Clement of Rome

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“After the martyrdom of Paul and Peter,” records Eusebius, “the first man to be appointed Bishop of Rome was Linus … Then, in the second year of Titus’s reign Linus, Bishop of Rome, after holding his office for twelve years yielded it to Anencletus.” Practically nothing is known about either of these two men … “after twelve years as Bishop of Rome, was succeeded by Clement.” (1)

While much is known about Paul’s life, little is known of Clement, still less of Linus or Cletus — whose sole contributions seem to be that they are names on a list of “succession”. One would think that if these men were really that crucial to early church life, some living record would have remained to testify of them. Instead, for instance, what is known about Clement, is either from a singular letter to the Corinthians or from writers who wrote over one-hundred years after his death (often inconsistently). A second letter (once attributed to Clement), proved to be a sermon written by someone else entirely who was “inspired by Clement” or possibly a forgery written in his name (which was common in the time to give credence to a particular work).

It’s not known when he was born and the events surrounding his death are disputed. The general consensus is that he died a martyr, when he was thrown overboard from a boat with a ship’s anchor tied to him. However, this version of history didn’t start circulating until the ninth century — earlier records indicated he died a natural death, perhaps in Greece. (2) History often rests on shaky ground mixed with folklore, myth, and political agendas.

Whether Clement was the second or fourth “official” Bishop (er, Pope) following Peter and whether or not he died as a martyr is really a Roman Catholic concern. For our purposes these things really do not matter. However, as stated earlier, the crux of the whole Catholic religion holds or falls on the basket they put all their eggs in: Apostolic Succession.

If you can’t faultlessly prove the first four, it really doesn’t matter if you can systematically prove all those that followed. And without doubt, the first four cannot be proved by a credible source — they must be simply accepted by faith.

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Next up: Running With Blind Faith
If new to this blog, begin here to read subject sequentially.

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Footnote References:

(1) FOUR WITNESSES pg 80-81; original source chap. 2, in EHC 65; chap. 13, in EHE 80; and chap. 15, EHC 80, emphasis mine.

(2) Source: http://orthodoxwiki.org/Clement_of_Rome

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